Tugas

Exercise 37
1. Whose
2. Whose
3. Which
4. Who
5. What
6. Who

Relative Pronouns

A relative pronoun is a pronoun that introduces a relative clause. It is called a "relative" pronoun because it "relates" to the word that it modifies. Here is an example:

• The person who phoned me last night is my teacher.

In the above example, "who":

• relates to "person", which it modifies
• introduces the relative clause "who phoned me last night"

There are five relative pronouns: who, whom, whose, which, that*

Who (subject) and whom (object) are generally only for people. Whose is for possession. Which is for things. That can be used for people** and things and as subject and object in defining relative clauses (clauses that are essential to the sentence and do not simply add extra information).

Look at these examples showing defining and non-defining relative clauses:

	example sentences		notes
	S=subject, O=object, P=possessive
defining	S	- The person who phoned me last night is my teacher.	That is preferable
		- The person that phoned me last night is my teacher.
		- The car which hit me was yellow.	That is preferable
		- The cars that hit me were yellow.
	O	- The person whom I phoned last night is my teacher.	Whom is correct but very formal. The relative pronoun is optional.
		- The people who I phoned last night are my teachers.
		- The person that I phoned last night is my teacher.
		- The person I phoned last night is my teacher.
		- The car which I drive is old.	That is preferable to which. The relative pronoun is optional.
		- The car that I drive is old.
		- The car I drive is old.
	P	- The student whose phone just rang should stand up.
		- Students whose parents are wealthy pay extra.
		- The police are looking for the car whose driver was masked.	Of which is usual for things, but whose is sometimes possible
		- The police are looking for the car of which the driver was masked.
non-defining	S	- Mrs Pratt, who is very kind, is my teacher.
		- The car, which was a taxi, exploded.
		- The cars, which were taxis, exploded.
	O	- Mrs Pratt, whom I like very much, is my teacher.	Whom is correct but very formal. Who is normal.
		- Mr and Mrs Pratt, who I like very much, are my teachers.
		- The car, which I was driving at the time, suddenly caught fire.
	P	- My brother, whose phone you just heard, is a doctor.
		- The car, whose driver jumped out just before the accident, was completely destroyed.	Of which is usual for things, but whose is sometimes possible
		- The car, the driver of which jumped out just before the accident, was completely destroyed.

Tugas

Exercise 36 page 135

1. leave
2. repaired
3. typed
4. call
5. painted
6. wrote
7. lie
8. sent
9. to cut
10. sign
11. leave
12. washed
13. fixed
14. published
15. find

Passive Voice

S          V        O Active : (a) Mary helped the boy	Form of passive : be + past participle
S                    V Passive : (b) The boy was helped by Mary	In the passive, the object of verb becomes the subject of the passive verb : “the boy” in (a) becomes the subject of the passive verb in (b). (a) and (b) have the same meaning.

TENSES	ACTIVE	PASSIVE
simple present	Tom opens the door	The door is opened by Tom
present progessive	Tom is opening the door	The door is being opened by Tom
present perfect	Tom has opened the door	The door has been opened by Tom
simple past	Tom opened the door	The door was opened by Tom